The Case Against Inter-Basin Transfer of Water

Almost from inception the Roanoke River Basin Association (RRBA) has been vigilant in it's opposition of the inter-basin transfers of water. In fact our Association and members spent years and a lot of dollars fighting the construction of a pipeline that could withdraw up to 60 MG (million gallons) of water daily from the Roanoke River basin for use out of the basin by Virginia Beach. That city had developed beyond its ability to supply a critical resource, water, and had to look elsewhere for a solution. Sadly after long court battles and appeals the fight was lost, and now the City of Virginia Beach contracts a portion of the water supply storage of Kerr Lake and has an intake from Lake Gaston, which lies downstream of Kerr Lake on the Roanoke River.

Why the opposition? What is it about these withdrawals that make the RRBA and its constituents so opposed to them? To find some answers to these questions we should start by looking at the classic definition of Riparian Rights.

The following was extracted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

"Riparian water rights (or simply riparian rights) is a system of allocating water among the property owners who abut its source. It has its origins in English common law. It is used in the United Kingdom and the eastern United States. Under the riparian principle, all landowners whose property is adjacent to a body of water have the right to make reasonable use of it. If there is not enough water to satisfy all users, allotments are generally fixed in proportion to frontage on the water source. These rights cannot be sold or transferred other than with the adjoining land, and water cannot be transferred out of the watershed."

The principle of Riparian Right is written into Virginia and North Carolina law.

In the case of the Virginia Beach withdrawals, it is clearly a violation of the principle of Riparian Rights and, therefore, a violation of the rights of the citizens who live in the Basin. Beyond that here are a few other factors to consider when evaluating such proposals. First, when water is withdrawn under riparian rights it is always returned to the source after it is used. When water is transferred to another watershed it is lost forever. Considering the rate of growth and development in the cities of North Carolina and Virginia it is clear that whether you believe in global warming or not, water in terms of both supply and quality will be a critical resource in the future. Is it too much then to ask those without riparian rights to a water source to consider how they are going to support future growth in their own region? Is it wise to over develop in an area without critical infrastructure support and then look outside your region to resolve the problem? This was clearly the case in the Virginia Beach pipeline case. The RRBA feels these actions are tantamount to someone "putting their straw in someone else's drink".
What is also clear is that there are other major regions in Virginia and North Carolina with existing, pending or already forecasted water shortage problems. Among them for instance are the Triad and Triangle areas in North Carolina. These are the largest consumers, however there are many smaller regions facing the same dilemma. The Association is fully aware of studies in these areas that would suggest pipelines to the river and lakes in the Roanoke River Basin. Specifically a major study was concluded in the not too distant past by the City of Raleigh to plan for their future forecasted water needs. In that study among other solutions was a proposal to build a pipeline to Kerr Lake for their water. Other smaller withdrawals are either pending or approved. Among those are plans for an inter-local system to withdraw water from the Dan River near Milton for Roxboro, Person County and Yanceyville, and a plan to transfer 20 mg a day from two river basins in Western Carolina to the cities of Concord and Kannapolis. Regardless of the size of withdrawal all these plans are problematic since they set dangerous precedents regarding riparian rights.
Finally, the one common thread to be found in all these projects is that they inherently and almost without exception approve the movement or transfer of a critical resource from a needy, under developed, less economically endowed region, to one more powerful and likely over developed. Sadly when opposed, the politically and economically powerful groups seem to prevail regardless of fairness and rights.

Therefore, it remains a key function of the RRBA to stay aware of these threats, and where appropriate make our opposition known. We also stand ready to rally our constituents and fight serious threats in any way we can.

Gene Addesso
Vice President, RRBA